In the field of public health, researchers have focused on features that affect human health, including built environment quality, neighborhood planning, and pedestrian facilities (Frank et al., 2006 Andrews, Hall, Evans, & Colls, 2012 Villeneuve et al., 2018 R. In the field of transportation and mobility, researchers have shown repeatedly that traffic capacity (including vehicle speed, traffic volumes, and pedestrian density) (Howell et al., 2019 Tawfeeq, Qaradaghi, & Yousif, 2019) and infrastructure quality (e.g., signs, lighting, shading) (Landis, Vattikuti, Ottenberg, McLeod, & Guttenplan, 2001 Bivina & Parida, 2019 Raad & Burke, 2018) are the keystones of induced walking. In the field of urban design, researchers have focused on built environment factors that affect the comfort of the walking experience (such as sunlight and wind speed) (Bosselmann et al., 1984 Jia & Wang, 2021 Labdaoui et al., 2021) and urban networks (such as landuse patterns, road network morphology, and accessible facilities) (D'Orso & Migliore, 2020 Mohammad et al., 2021 Zhao, Sun, & Webster, 2021). Although walkable neighborhoods appear to have beneficial effects, they may accentuate the harmful effects of air pollution on cardiovascular risk factors. Walkability and traffic-related air pollution interact to jointly predict risk for hypertension and diabetes. 0.15) between highly walkable and unwalkable neighborhoods were diminished, compared to differences observed at lower levels of pollution (5 p.p.b.) (hypertension, lowest vs. At higher levels of pollution (40 p.p.b.), differences in the probability of hypertension (lowest vs. Significant interactions were identified between walkability and NO2 on risk for hypertension (p < 0.0001 and diabetes (p < 0.0001). highest quintile OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.37) and diabetes (lowest vs. Low walkability was associated with higher odds of hypertension (lowest vs. Overall, 2,496,458 individuals were included in our analyses. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted associations between exposures and diagnoses of hypertension or diabetes accounting for potential confounders. Walkability and traffic-related air pollution (NO2) were assessed using validated tools and linked to individuals based on neighborhood of residence. We used a cross-sectional, population-based sample of individuals aged 40-74 years residing in selected large urban centres in Ontario, Canada on January 1, 2008, assembled from administrative databases. We therefore aimed to assess how walkability and traffic-related air pollution jointly affect risk for hypertension and diabetes. However, highly walkable environments may have higher concentrations of traffic-related air pollution, which may contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk. Living in unwalkable neighborhoods has been associated with heightened risk for diabetes and hypertension.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |